Diabetes is a disorder of our metabolism – the way our bodies use digested food for growth and energy. Most of the food we eat is broken down into glucose, which is the main source of fuel for the body. After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream where it is used by cells for growth and energy. For glucose to get into the cells, it needs the hormone insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. When we eat, the pancreas automatically produces the right amount of insulin to move glucose from blood into our cells. People with diabetes produce too little or no insulin at all. The glucose cannot get into the cells, builds up into the body and spills out into the urine. The body loses its main source of fuel.
Juvenile diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to create insulin in a child. The cause of the disease is not totally understood. Diet, exercise, weight and heredity all may be factors, however, the majority of children who develop diabetes do not have a family history of it.
The signs and symptoms of diabetes are varied. Excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, tiredness, frequent headaches and unexplained belly pain are all common, however, the best way to diagnose the disease is through a blood test.
Once an adolescent is diagnosed with juvenile diabetes, the treatment is normally insulin injections. This is done daily, usually in the abdomen or thigh area. The insulin needs to be administered into the body to get the glucose into the cells so it can be used effectively. A careful balance of insulin and glucose needs to be established at all times. Too much of one or the other can trigger dangerous situations.
Children with diabetes can lead relatively normal lives, however, they must remain aware of their condition at all times. They need to learn how to monitor their blood glucose levels daily. This is usually done by a finger prick to determine how much glucose is in their blood. They also need to learn how to administer their own insulin injections. Although it seems difficult, it becomes easier over time, and since it is mandatory, most children grasp the idea quickly.
A diet high in fiber and carbohydrates is preferred, as it is not an excessive amount of sugar dumped into the bloodstream at one time. Exercise is essential, but again, needs to be monitored as the more calories burned, the lower the sugar level drops in the bloodstream.
Seeing a doctor on a regular basis is another aspect necessary to keep the disease under control. Although there is no known cure for diabetes, it can be controlled through careful monitoring. Children with diabetes need to watch what they eat and how they take care of their bodies, but then again, shouldn’t we all?

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